Meta-analysis is a procedure for drawing definitive conclusions from large bodies of research studies. A meta-analysis of all available physiological research on the Transcendental Meditation more
program found that the practice of this technique produces a state of deep rest compared to control conditions, as measured by reduced respiration rate, reduced basal skin conductance (increased skin resistance), and reduced plasma lactate. Reference: American Psychologist 42: 879–881, 1987. close
This study followed the mortality pattern up to 19 years after adults with high blood pressure learned the Transcendental Meditation technique or participated in control interventions. more
The results showed a 23% decrease in mortality due to all causes, and a 30% decrease in therate of cardiovascular mortality, among those who learned the Transcendental Meditation technique. Reference: American Journal of Cardiology 95 (2005): 1060–1064. close
Individuals who practiced the Transcendental Meditation technique showed significantly increased skin resistance during the practice, in contrast to controls. more
Skin resistance is an electrophysiological measure of calmness or restfulness. Reference: Physiology & Behavior 35: 591–595, 1985. close
Patients with high blood pressure who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure after three months, more
in contrast to those randomly assigned to a control technique or to those who received health education on how to reduce blood pressure through diet and exercise. Reference: Hypertension 26: 820–827, 1995. close
During the Transcendental Meditation program, early (sensory) components of the brain’s response to somatosensory stimuli are more widely distributed across the cortex, more
indicating greater participation of the whole brain in the response to a stimulus. Reference: Human Physiology 25: 171–180, 1999. close
Field independence has been associated with a greater ability to assimilate and structure experience, greater organization of mind and cognitive clarity, improved memory, more
greater creative expression, and a stable internal frame of reference. The results show that practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique develops greater field independence. This improvement in Transcendental Meditation meditators is remarkable because it was previously thought that these basic perceptual abilities do not improve beyond early adulthood. Reference: Perceptual and MotorSkills 39: 1031–1034, 1974. close
This study used the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking to measure figural and verbal creativity in a control group and in a group that subsequently learned the Transcendental more
Meditation technique. On the post-test 5 months later, the Transcendental Meditation group scored significantly higher on figural originality and flexibility and on verbal fluency. Reference: Journal of Creative Behavior 13:169–190, 1979. close
Self-actualization refers to realizing more of one’s inner potential, expressed in every area of life. A statistical meta-analysis of all available studies—of 42 independent studies—indicated more
that the effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on increasing self-actualization is markedly greater than that of other forms of meditation and relaxation. This analysis statistically controlled for length of treatment and quality of research design. Reference: Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 6: 189–248, 1991. close
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